tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91144503226374867092024-03-13T21:54:11.883+00:00Urban's blogUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger557125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-12346551024370021592014-08-20T18:49:00.000+01:002014-08-20T18:49:06.836+01:00Streak of Chalk by Miguelanxo PradoI recently bought this comic album (which I didn't even know existed, even though I'd read much of his earlier work since it had been published in a Swedish magazine, which stopped around the time Streak of Chalk was published) and have read a few reviews of it on the net.<br />
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Reviews which mostly seem to miss the point.<br />
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Yes, the island and the people are possibly allegories and metaphors and symbols and is quite possibly analysable in that way. But for example there's also one comment that Raul can't tell dream and reality nor past and present apart which must have been written by someone who didn't read the comic carefully enough.<br />
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Agreed, it is weird in parts, for example if you're in a house on an island and someone says "there're no houses on the island" and "nobody lives on the island", do I think that's weird because I think in Swedish, read it in English and it's been translated from Spanish or possibly Galego and it's understood the meaning is no <i>other</i> houses? I don't know.<br />
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The album even has an instruction manual. It's that difficult to read, and apparently even harder if you're not used to reading comics.<br />
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First in it is the quote "You have seen and heard the same things as me, only we interpret the facts differently." (S.S. Van Dine, The Kidnap Murder Case)<br />
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In the afterword the author points out that "it's not excluded" that the reader after reading the last page will come to the same conclusion as Raul, the main character, and that it's also possible the reader may interpret what happened differently. He then goes on to mention that some readers may focus on details others find unimportant or suppose are due the the author's negligence or lack of rigor in telling the story -- and then discover a more complex, more disturbing and more surprising story. I did.<br />
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Here be spoilers.<br />
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This is comic album; you're supposed to look at the depictions, not just treat them as illustrations of what's being said.<br />
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Take a look at the last chapter. Raul returns to the island, he thinks, and two days after he left it. Note that in the second to last chapter Ana says that Raul has been gone for almost a week.<br />
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What do we see? Well, without looking for it I noticed two items: The trees weren't the same kind of trees and when Raul names two visitors on the island it's very clearly not the men he thinks they are. Then after the last page comes two naturalist illustrations, one of an oak species one of a seabird. And sure enough, when I go back through the last chapter we can see that the seabirds aren't the same species we've seen in the previous chapters.<br />
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The conclusion can only be that the woman he thinks pretends not to recognise him nor know who Ana is isn't the woman he thinks she is. I think I see differences between them too and the interior of the houses are probably subtly different.<br />
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The reader who notices this gets a completely different story than the reader who only notices Raul writes something in the last chapter which appears to have already been written in the first chapter.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-14879621934781051382013-06-30T10:13:00.000+01:002013-06-30T10:13:06.264+01:00Last photo of Regnar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F5497KDh1GQ/Uc_2a7nHSGI/AAAAAAAAI2U/u1hmdHQ0-gg/s1600/N130606_0262-Regnar.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="159" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F5497KDh1GQ/Uc_2a7nHSGI/AAAAAAAAI2U/u1hmdHQ0-gg/s320/N130606_0262-Regnar.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-13254125404772638532013-05-14T05:00:00.001+01:002013-05-14T05:00:01.736+01:00Seasons in Sweden<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Official meterological season definitions in Sweden</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Spring</b></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">If average daily temperature betweem +0.1C and +9.9C seven days in a row, spring started the first of these days.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Note: Can not happen before Feb 15 or after July 31.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Average dates, north to south</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Kiruna May 1</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Östersund May 11</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Stockholm March 16</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Malmö Feb 22</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Summer</b></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">If average daily temperature +10C or more five days in a row, summer started the first of these days.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Average dates, north to south</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Kiruna June 18</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Östersund May 29</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Stockholm May 13</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Malmö May 8</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Autumn</b></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">If average daily temperature +9.9C or lower five days in a row, autumn started the first of these days.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Note: Can not start before Aug 1:st or after Feb 14:th.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Average dates, north to south</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Kiruna Aug 16</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Östersund Sep 5</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Stockholm Sep 29</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Malmö Oct 12</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Winter</b></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">If average daily temperature +0C or lower five days in a row, winter started the first of these.</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Average dates, north to south</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Kiruna Oct 10</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Östersund Nov 4</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Stockolm Dec 6</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Malmö Jan 7</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Today we have three seasons in Sweden in different parts of the country.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Some years we don't have four seasons everywhere: Summer can arrive quickly so no spring and during 2007-08 autumn ended without winter but when it wasn't warm enough to be "spring".</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-50229356181994130322013-04-14T17:43:00.003+01:002013-04-14T17:52:53.097+01:00Swedish railroad signals<h2>Swedish railroad signals and signs</h2>Not complete, just an overview.<br />
<h2>Main signals</h2>1 red = stop<br />
1 green = go (80 km/h which is maximum speed unless you've got ATC)<br />
2 green = go 40 km/h<br />
3 green = go 40 km/h but you'll have to stop shortly after<br />
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<h2>Distant signals</h2>1 flashing green = next signal shows stop<br />
2 flashing green = next signal shows go 40<br />
1 flashing white = next signal shows go<br />
no light at all = consider it as next shows stop<br />
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This has historical background because in the beginning green meant "stop" and white meant "go".<br />
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Both main and distant signals may be combined or stand alone. This means a main signal can have 2 - 5 lights and a distant only 2 or 3 lights.<br />
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Instead of distant signal there can be a sign warning that there will be a main signal in 800-1000 m (or with an additional sign stating the distance). It looks like a black triangle with yellow border over a round sign looking like a distant signal without lights (black circle with white segments left and right).<br />
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<h2>Road crossings</h2><br />
At the road crossing there's a signal with a "V" below (väg = road)<br />
1 red = stop if possible<br />
1 white = gates are down and/or red flashing light shown for road traffic. Optionally also no vehicle detected on the track. (Not green because road traffic isn't under positive control like other rail traffic.)<br />
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<h2>Distant road crossing</h2>3 flashing yellow in triangle = next road crossing shows red<br />
3 yellow in triangle = next road crossing shows white<br />
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<h2>Road crossing alert</h2>Black triangle with yellow border over a yellow sign with a "V" = when you pass this the distant road crossing signal should show OK to pass. (Meaning between here and the road crossing you can brake to a stop but not if you start braking at the distant signal.)<br />
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<b>Bridges</b> (like road crossing but with bridge icon instead of "V")<br />
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1 red = stop<br />
1 white = bridge is not open<br />
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<h2>ATC</h2>White or yellow square tilted 45 deg with a black circle marks a place where ATC can send changes.<br />
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<h2>Speed limits</h2>Yellow circle with black numerals.<br />
ATC speed limit signs are shown as a black arrow, either alone or together with one showing km/h for non-ATC. Pointing down if speed limit is lower otherwise up.<br />
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Black triangle with yellow border over a rectangular yellow sign with numerals means there's speed limit sign with that speed in about 1000 m.<br />
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<h2>Horn</h2>Black triangle with white border, pointing down = sound the horn for 3 seconds.<br />
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Can have additional sign saying only give signal between 06:00 and 22:00.<br />
Can have additional sign "V" meaning horn should give sound again about halfway to the crossing. In bad visibility many times between the sign and the crossing.<br />
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<h2>Miscellaneous</h2><br />
At a platform<br />
Flashing "A" = depart<br />
Flashing red = stay<br />
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Square with horizontal black and white lines = lift snow plow.<br />
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<h2>Sources</h2>Two sources with illustration: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_railway_signalling">Wikipedia in English</a> and <a href="http://www.jarnvag.net/index.php/banguide/signaler">Banguide in Swedish</a>. And a really good one <a href="http://www.artech.se/~krijoh/signaler.html">showing signals' placement along the track</a>.<br />
Also the <a href="http://www.transportstyrelsen.se/Global/Regler/Jarnvag/JTF/Bilaga%203_H%20Signaler%20system%20H_rattad%20version.pdf">official document</a>.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-89148036989710265302012-09-18T05:04:00.003+01:002012-09-18T05:04:26.726+01:00Casio RAF G-Shock watch<h1>
G-Shock GW-A1000RAF-1AER</h1>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2VIbNQBISFI/UEY3Qqn6NiI/AAAAAAAAIrk/AUPIc1cJczI/s783/N120819_1202_g-shock-p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2VIbNQBISFI/UEY3Qqn6NiI/AAAAAAAAIrk/AUPIc1cJczI/s320/N120819_1202_g-shock-p.jpg" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">It's unusual for me to buy more than one watch from the same maker, at least in the same year, but now it's happened. I decided I wanted this watch when it was first announced, then it was delayed and then it looked like it would be hard to get one of the 2000. (There are or will be similar non-limited models with more colour and less the RAF logo.) But it really wasn't; I got it five days after I ordered.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">I like it very much. It's not very complicated, </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">it's on purpose made with rather few features</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">, a lot less than technically possible, because that's how RAF wanted it.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Apart from timekeeping functions the only other function is that it works as a thermometer -- from normal watch mode you access it with a single button press, it shows the temperature second hand + or - C, hour hand tens and minute hand single degrees for ten seconds and then it returns to timekeeping mode. In all this takes about 25 seconds.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">It's got 60 minutes countdown timer where the second and minute hand goes counterclockwise.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Stopwatch can time up to 120 minutes with 1/20s precision. Second hand goes one rev per second for the first 30 seconds after you start or restart it, minute hand is seconds and hour hand is minutes.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Of course alarm. Rather quiet, it and the timer's alarm are not really usable for me as I mostly can't hear them.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">There's a button which from timekeeping mode shows you if the last radio sync was successful or not and you can use to force sync.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">The mode button switches between mode and the first press goes to "world time", usually UTC in aviation context. And here is the </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">only</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"> strange thing with the watch's firmware: In world time mode you can't access the thermometer or sync result which I think is unexpected as I imagine you have the watch showing local time on the ground and maybe UTC in the air, which I think the only occasion the thermometer is of any aircrew use.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">The crown isn't exactly screw in, but almost as you press it in aligned with the red mark and turn it to the white to keep it in. You can release it by turning it in either direction and then you pull it out to get to settings for the different modes.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Colour is grey, about dark ocean grey. Apart from the red markings on the button and crown the only other spot of colour is the WT mode marking which is on blue background.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">In use I've found that it's often a good idea not to have it in timekeeping mode. Makes for less stress if you just park the hands. You can't do this with most multifunction watches, but this one's philosophy is that </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">if you need countdown or timer then it doesn't matter what time it is</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">A bit expensive for what it does maybe, but it's sort of specialised custom design so it's not expensive for what it is.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cBP_89P6z4o/UEY3QcYVQLI/AAAAAAAAIrc/hM646_41iUI/s783/N120819_1208_g-shock-p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-cBP_89P6z4o/UEY3QcYVQLI/AAAAAAAAIrc/hM646_41iUI/s320/N120819_1208_g-shock-p.jpg" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z72ruEJ_LGA/UEY3Qfh0ccI/AAAAAAAAIrg/VitwKupjW0k/s783/N120819_1206_g-shock-p.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z72ruEJ_LGA/UEY3Qfh0ccI/AAAAAAAAIrg/VitwKupjW0k/s320/N120819_1206_g-shock-p.jpg" /></a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-41991471406142434142012-04-01T19:02:00.002+01:002012-04-01T19:02:17.350+01:00We meet another ferret on our evening walk<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/PrM4ScbryY0?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<span style="background-color: #ebebeb; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Regnar meet another ferret for the first time in almost a year.</span><br style="background-color: #ebebeb; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;" /><span style="background-color: #ebebeb; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">At first everything seems very friendly, but as we walk nearer to home, Regnar starts to try to dominate him by biting him in the neck. Not fun, but not very bad either. So we go our different ways.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-30383598044854100672012-03-04T12:21:00.001+00:002012-03-04T12:22:22.265+00:00Web Dominators<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RSp6BLVJ4lU/T1Nd90OgI-I/AAAAAAAAIL8/Fz01IJ3DbrI/s1600/N12_0142-webdom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RSp6BLVJ4lU/T1Nd90OgI-I/AAAAAAAAIL8/Fz01IJ3DbrI/s320/N12_0142-webdom.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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This is a useful product which had slipped under my radar, mainly because I don't think I understood what they were meant to do.</div>
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I think the photos speak for themselves. Now I'm going to get some more of them.</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ziVPcY3niNQ/T1Nd-T85nLI/AAAAAAAAIMA/4oQXUFIJRdw/s1600/N12_0145-webdom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="205" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ziVPcY3niNQ/T1Nd-T85nLI/AAAAAAAAIMA/4oQXUFIJRdw/s320/N12_0145-webdom.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RoIPeXYaq7c/T1Nd-0O2tfI/AAAAAAAAIMM/j85LGE9tU10/s1600/N12_0147-webdom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RoIPeXYaq7c/T1Nd-0O2tfI/AAAAAAAAIMM/j85LGE9tU10/s320/N12_0147-webdom.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-15264343256197777282012-02-29T19:55:00.000+00:002012-02-29T19:55:35.661+00:00Regnar is extra active when I come homeThat the insides of shoes is interesting, that's normal, but today he was more interested in the outside and he was very keen on investigating the interior of my backpback. He also wanted to go out immedieately and after a short while back in again and search the area closest to the door. And repeat. He also seemed extra eager to mark territory outside.<br />
<br />
There's a reason, for on my way home I met another ferret.<br />
<br />
I'm not sure if this was a territorial defensive behaviour or if he'd want to meet another ferret again.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-80643284448453262142012-02-26T17:16:00.000+00:002012-02-26T17:16:07.751+00:00Elk leather gloves<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1wMpHB7IoWU/T0pn7h8gJ9I/AAAAAAAAIKg/y0yGW4S0FDo/s1600/w12_0067-hestra_t%C3%A4llberg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1wMpHB7IoWU/T0pn7h8gJ9I/AAAAAAAAIKg/y0yGW4S0FDo/s320/w12_0067-hestra_t%C3%A4llberg.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
Hestra model 2087 Tällberg (which I think is a winter sports place).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-76478191826782607212012-02-17T17:28:00.000+00:002013-06-30T09:28:32.880+01:00Ballograf Epoca ballpoint internals<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
It's a really ingenious mechanism. Only these parts and you just drop them into the barrel in this order and it's assembled.</div>
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<a "="" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BVY3vXjByoc/Tz6M4Nrip9I/AAAAAAAAIJw/rbGLjU0EONw/s1600/N12_0014-epoca-parts-1.jpg"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BVY3vXjByoc/Tz6M4Nrip9I/AAAAAAAAIJw/rbGLjU0EONw/s320/N12_0014-epoca-parts-1.jpg" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NyAtgZ330nk/Tz6M4xR-FDI/AAAAAAAAIJ0/aXt5ZaSB4XA/s1600/N12_0015-epoca-parts-2.jpg"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NyAtgZ330nk/Tz6M4xR-FDI/AAAAAAAAIJ0/aXt5ZaSB4XA/s320/N12_0015-epoca-parts-2.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
Someone else's <a href="http://vimeo.com/1544169">video</a> of how it's put together.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-36833925596802488562012-02-09T19:14:00.000+00:002012-02-09T19:14:37.419+00:00Mister Baby Head"Mister Baby Head" was the working title for Walter Jon Williams' latest novel. Instead it's published as <a href="http://www.walterjonwilliams.net/2012/02/here-now-or-soon/">The Fourth Wall</a>. Me, I think the working title was more rememberable.<br />
<br />
Learned about it the 5:th, got it in the mail today. That's quick.<br />
<br />
Haven't started reading it yet, but I ditched the book I was reading and will start on this tomorrow on my way to work.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-24786963575006994862012-01-29T15:50:00.002+00:002013-06-30T09:28:32.841+01:00This week's new pens<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<h3>
Ballograf Epoca Royal</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U-B80j24WFA/TyViiWyu5lI/AAAAAAAAIG8/tpa4WV_gQVQ/s1600/N12_0005-ballograf-epoca-royal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-U-B80j24WFA/TyViiWyu5lI/AAAAAAAAIG8/tpa4WV_gQVQ/s320/N12_0005-ballograf-epoca-royal.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
This is an Epoca which is described as "matt". But it's more like it's got a wood grain pattern in the plastic. Gives a quite nice feel to it.<br />
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<h3>
Ballograf Scripta XI</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-z9tcMB7snTE/TyVihzawrxI/AAAAAAAAIG4/ozKHu5qvliU/s1600/N12_0004-ballograf-scriptaXI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-z9tcMB7snTE/TyVihzawrxI/AAAAAAAAIG4/ozKHu5qvliU/s320/N12_0004-ballograf-scriptaXI.jpg" /></a><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FII7Oew58Ww/TyVilQ5lW-I/AAAAAAAAIHo/hsPGAu47PgM/s1600/N12_0012-ballograf-easy-flow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Ballograf Scripta XI" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FII7Oew58Ww/TyVilQ5lW-I/AAAAAAAAIHo/hsPGAu47PgM/s320/N12_0012-ballograf-easy-flow.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
Sort of like a Rondo made out of aluminium. It's the one Ballograf which has the Easy Flow refill in it when you buy it. It's a hybrid ink, but not quite like any I've seen before. Writing length 3500 m compared to 8000 m in the other full size Ballograf refills. Not archival.<br />
<br />
The surface isn't knurled and feels smooth, but still gives quite good friction when you hold it.<br />
<br />
This is without question a candidate for <b>2012's best pen purchase</b> (ask me again next year) partly because it's not expensive at all.<br />
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<h3>
Ballograf SA4000</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8IixmM5uizs/TyVii-Uu-hI/AAAAAAAAIHE/ORt00hYpXvg/s1600/N12_0006-ballograf-sa4000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Ballograf SA4000" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8IixmM5uizs/TyVii-Uu-hI/AAAAAAAAIHE/ORt00hYpXvg/s320/N12_0006-ballograf-sa4000.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
But this pen is so archival that it's part of its name. "Svenskt arkiv" means approved for writing which have to be archival (plenty of workplaces in Sweden where the law demands it and I know people who've had official "pen checks" when they've had to show that the refill in their ballpoint is archival). Writing length 4000 m which is interesting as it looks like one of the refills would fit in it, but there is no 4000 m Ballograf refill, only the small 3500 for Ballograf Pocket.<br />
Also, it doesn't look like the exact same hue of blue. Will be interesting to take it apart, but I won't before I've got spare ones.<br />
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<h3>
Ballograf Friendly</h3>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k1bzRm_Tpas/TyVikYCXeoI/AAAAAAAAIHc/S9nXLpTNL4w/s1600/N12_0009-kontorab-ballograf-friendly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k1bzRm_Tpas/TyVikYCXeoI/AAAAAAAAIHc/S9nXLpTNL4w/s320/N12_0009-kontorab-ballograf-friendly.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
This is a custom variant of the environmentally friendly pen made up in colours for the company <a href="http://www.kontorab.se/">Kontorab</a> as a give away-pen.<br />
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<h3>
Pilot Nextage</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FHEL7PjTJuU/TyVik_weY3I/AAAAAAAAIHk/sfk3MUM4mNo/s1600/N12_0010-pilot-nextage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FHEL7PjTJuU/TyVik_weY3I/AAAAAAAAIHk/sfk3MUM4mNo/s320/N12_0010-pilot-nextage.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
Bought this one mainly in preparation for 2012's ink testing.<br />
But it's a very nice pen, so I'm using it.<br />
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<h3>
Lamy Logo</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oBuq6jHHaCI/TyVij7rzzWI/AAAAAAAAIHU/30KuE239yu0/s1600/N12_0008-lamy-logo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oBuq6jHHaCI/TyVij7rzzWI/AAAAAAAAIHU/30KuE239yu0/s320/N12_0008-lamy-logo.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
This is also a pen in use, bought mainly for ink testing. Good design and nice to write with, but it's the first M16 refill I've got so no long term experience with the refills.<br />
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<h3>
Lamy Pur ballpoint</h3>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kU5Ypg7PKBw/TyVijd6esDI/AAAAAAAAIHI/y4DTgVmum4Q/s1600/N12_0007-lamy-pur-bp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Lamy Pur ballpoint" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kU5Ypg7PKBw/TyVijd6esDI/AAAAAAAAIHI/y4DTgVmum4Q/s320/N12_0007-lamy-pur-bp.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
Looks very good, this pen does.<br />
But it's not really practical as a use pen; The clip isn't very user friendly, it's only 11 mm in diameter but feels a bit wide. Doesn't help that its surface is rather smooth so when your hands get a bit sweaty you don't get a really good grip on it.<br />
Very smooth and almost silent retraction mechanism with no distinct "click" at all.<br />
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<h3>
Zebra F-701</h3>
<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-doptx8BwFjI/TyVso5Qr5oI/AAAAAAAAIH4/6RGNMRiCOKw/s1600/N12_0017-zebra-f701.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Zebra F-701" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-doptx8BwFjI/TyVso5Qr5oI/AAAAAAAAIH4/6RGNMRiCOKw/s320/N12_0017-zebra-f701.jpg" /></a><br />
<br />
Made of steel, except for a little bit of plastic. The barrel has rather thick walls, but it's not heavy. Knurling at the front makes for a good grip.<br />
Possible to use Fisher refills, but it's not 100% function because they've got a little change in diameter near the point which sometimes can get stuck, but just release pressure and the point will emerge.<br />
Mainly bought for ink testing, but it's really nice so it's a user too.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-18798015914162431022012-01-17T18:37:00.001+00:002012-01-17T18:37:16.630+00:00Composition 101: The Basic ‘Rules’. | Japanorama.co.uk<a href="http://japanorama.co.uk/2011/07/10/composition-101-the-basic-rules/">Composition 101: The Basic ‘Rules’. | Japanorama.co.uk</a>: "Composition truly is, IMHO, the foundation of good photography. You may have great gear and know all the basics of ISO, aperture and speed [exposure] but if you’re not paying attention to some of the guidelines or ‘rules’ of composition, then something’s missing."Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-16793755818177750152012-01-14T15:15:00.001+00:002012-01-14T15:16:03.244+00:00Design Tips & Tricks<a href="http://hoexbroe.tripod.com/train/id36.html">Design Tips & Tricks</a>: "Here is a collection of some of the things I have learned through the time. The examples and comments shown here are not the only real truth about model railroad design, they are just my humble opinion about [märklin] sectional track geometry and aestethic design..."<br />
<br />
Some really good ideas presented clearly.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-68433472365782961042012-01-08T09:59:00.000+00:002013-06-30T09:28:32.871+01:002011's ink test is doneResults are <a href="http://u-fr.blogspot.com/p/ink-light-and-water-resistance-tests.html">here</a>.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-46899229563920754592012-01-06T20:46:00.001+00:002012-01-06T20:46:43.999+00:00Have you ever wondered how many Star Wars movies there were supposed to be from the beginning?This isn't the Holiday Special, but it's about it.<br />
<br />
That it was made is what makes it pretty clear there weren't any sequels planned.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/oS6PwQcCIXo" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-7338218287106998162012-01-04T05:44:00.000+00:002012-01-04T05:44:07.353+00:00A new bus for London | Greater London Authority<a href="http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/transport/new-bus-london">A new bus for London | Greater London Authority</a>: "The New Bus for London is inspired by the much-loved Routemaster and will use the latest green technology when it launches in 2012."Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-72739781585994052122012-01-01T15:11:00.000+00:002012-01-01T15:11:24.369+00:00The Thief and the Cobbler<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL74CABA6446BD19DE&hl=en_US" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
This isn't exactly a director's cut as it doesn't use just filmed (animated) scenes, but also story boards, and it's not by the director himself.<br />
The movie itself took from 1964 to 1993 to make. Last years' work without involving the original creator.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-54846061170268455082011-12-29T05:26:00.000+00:002011-12-29T05:26:05.590+00:00Proposed New Calendar Would Make Time Rational | Wired Science | Wired.com<a href="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/12/rational-calendar/">Proposed New Calendar Would Make Time Rational | Wired Science | Wired.com</a>: "Time is eternal, but methods of tracking it are not — and so a Johns Hopkins University astronomer wants to replace the Gregorian calendar, with its leap years and floating dates and 15th-century effluvia, with a sleek and standardized system for the world."<br /><br /><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">I really don't see the need for a new calendar; Is it any kind of problem that Christmas happens on different weekdays? Isn't it rather a feature? And an extra week some years instead of leap days, is that any better than <a href="http://cgi.cs.indiana.edu/~oracle/digest.cgi?N=223#223-05">Otter-Flinging Eve</a>?</div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">But daylight saving time I don't like and using UTC everywhere would have some benefits.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-83691732360668970192011-12-24T08:20:00.001+00:002011-12-24T08:21:13.275+00:00Saab Lansen<title>Saab 32 Lansen - an overview</title>
<link href="../aviation.css" rel="stylesheet"></link>
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<h1>
SAAB 32 Lansen - an overview</h1>
<ul class="content">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PyHVOCPlZkU/TvWJuIIBgHI/AAAAAAAAH7E/kJy0VpKxbKM/s1600/j32e_f16-08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PyHVOCPlZkU/TvWJuIIBgHI/AAAAAAAAH7E/kJy0VpKxbKM/s320/j32e_f16-08.jpg" width="320" /></a></ul>
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="background">Background</a></h2>
By 1945, it was clear that future combat aircraft would be jet
propelled. We got jet fighters in 1946, in the form of Vampires,
but to find a replacement for our Saab 18 bomber was to take
longer. That project was started in 1946. The first concepts had
two de Havilland Ghost engines, with short in- and outlets.
Flying wing concepts figured, and were strong contenders, but
mainly because of accidents with foreign aircraft of that
configuration, was abandoned.
<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w0NkVRZk2Zs/TvWJswp9DYI/AAAAAAAAH6w/I8RMj2haGw8/s1600/j32d_16-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="151" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w0NkVRZk2Zs/TvWJswp9DYI/AAAAAAAAH6w/I8RMj2haGw8/s320/j32d_16-01.jpg" width="320" /></a>Most concepts had four 20 mm cannon and an internal rocket
launcher for a dozen 15-18 cm rockets. Other armaments was two
500 kg bombs or a missile type 303. In 1948 it was decided to go
for a smaller, single engine aircraft "project 1150". The
requirement was for an aircraft that "could carry its weapons -
guns, rockets, bombs and missiles - from a centrally placed air
base to any part of our 2000 km coast line, in under one hour, in
any weather and during darkness" In 1949 it was awarded the
designation "type 32".
The name Lansen means The Lance.<br />
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By 1949, the design looked very much like what it became, apart
from the stabilizer beeing placed halfway up on the fin. There
was also a smaller, single-seat variant, which would have been a
daylight interceptor.
<br />
Lansen was the first aircraft designed in Sweden where the design
work was not based on ordinary blue-prints, but on a mathematical
coordinate system. The airframe was designed to
be used up to +8G and -3G and withstand +12G and -8G.
<br />
To test a large scale model of the wing, with 35 degrees
sweepback, a half-scale was mounted on a Saab Safir, thus
becoming the only Saab 202 (Saab 201 was a Safir with a
half-scale Tunnan wing). It had both Fowler flaps and a leading
edge slot. The slot was discarded as unnecessary after trials
with the prototypes and never appeared on a series aircraft.
<br />
The engine intended for Lansen was the Swedish STAL Dovern (RM
4), which was an excellent engine. It was not finished in time
for the prototypes, so a foreign engine had to be used for them.
For several reasons, Rolls-Royce Avons came to be used on the
series aircraft too.
<br />
The first Lansen prototype first flew on Nov 3:rd 1952.
<br />
<pre>Designations:
A, Attack = Strike
J, Jakt = Interceptor
S, Spaning = Reconnaissance</pre>
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="versions">The different versions</a></h2>
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="a32a">A 32A</a></h3>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MMLmPukoTb4/TvWJvpuivhI/AAAAAAAAH7Q/qedAURMYppI/s1600/saaba32a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MMLmPukoTb4/TvWJvpuivhI/AAAAAAAAH7Q/qedAURMYppI/s320/saaba32a.jpg" width="320" /></a>
This was the <strong>ground attack and maritime strike</strong> version.
It replaced Saab B 18 and was later replaced by Viggen.
<br />
In the years 1955-58 287 were delivered to the
Swedish air force, where the last ones remained
in service until 1978. Serial numbers were 32001-32287.
<br />
<h4>
Guns</h4>
This version had <strong>four 20 mm guns</strong> in the nose, covered by
shutters. The shutters were opened upon "safety off", but had to
be closed by command. Empty casings were kept from the air
intakes by a pair of small plates under the nose. As they then
impacted the fuel tank, its nose were covered in neoprene to
protect it.
<br />
<h4>
Radar</h4>
The radar used in A 32A was designated
<strong>PS-431/A</strong>
and was of French design, built in Sweden.
<br />
As these aircraft always operated in groups, and as an economy
measure only about 25% of them were given radars. It also seems
like not all aircraft had navigators aboard, so it's likely that
everybody just followed the boss.
<br />
Instrumented ranges were 8, 20, 80 and 160
km. Used to aim RB 04 antiship missiles and dropping of
illumination flares.
<br />
Radar altimeter 0-200 m. Not used very much.
<br />
<h4>
Sight</h4>
Gyro sight interconnected with barometric altimeter.
Compensated for wind and target movement. For bombs, after
pressing release button pull up at 4G was initiated, bomb
release calculated
<br />
<h4>
Missiles</h4>
In Swedish service they replaced Saab B/T 18 bombers, foremost in
the anti-ship/invasion role, so the main weapon was the Saab 304
rocket powered anti-ship missile with an estimated range of 20 km
in the early versions, other common loads were unguided rockets.
<br />
<h4>
Countermeasures</h4>
A <strong>BOZ 3</strong> chaff dispenser pod could be carried on
one wing pylon.
<br />
<h4>
Engine</h4>
Engine: RM5A (=RR Avon Mk.21/21A) with Swedish afterburner.
<br />
<h4>
Cockpit</h4>
Armoured with 20 mm plate in front, below and to the rear.
<br />
<h4>
Tactical use</h4>
Normal tactical units were one (8 aircraft) or two
squadrons during daylight. At night a group of four was
the normal size. Usually they kept close together during
the approach and attack, split after the attack and
re-gathered.
<br />
Take off was in four pairs, all on the runway at the same
time. After take off the first ones slowed to let the
squadron gather. Pair 1 and 2 together at the centre, 3
and 4 to the sides keeping a lookout to the rear for
threats.
<br />
Normal altitude was 500 m over own territory, decreasing
to lowest when passing out from the coast.
<br />
After leaving the coast behind updated target position was
received. 90 km from target the squadron gathered together
and increased to climb N1 (7900rpm), resulting in attack
speed of 750 km/h.
<br />
After the attack, combat speed was retained as long as
fuel permitted, altitude lowest possible. Re-gathered the formation as well as
possible.
In case of fuel shortage first option was to climb to more
economic altitude and fly to the intended air base, second
was to refuel somewhere else and then fly on.
<br />
50 km from coast climb to 500 m and report to
air defence. 40 km from airbase report "arriving" and
direction, separated the aircraft and headed for base or
final.
<br />
Ground attack often offset by 90 deg from
each other and rather closely spaced in time.
<br />
During co-ordinated major attacks (against an invasion
fleet) where practically every squadron took part those
who took off from inland bases landed at bases near the
coast and the other way round. In case the base they
landed at was not an ordinary attack base, they just
refuelled there and went to another.
<br />
IFF was switched off until after the attack. Air defence
kept track of when and where the attack and reconnaissance
units were supposed to be.
<br />
<h5>
Guns</h5>
The combat gun load out was 80 rounds per gun (7 s of firing). That this
was less than designed in capacity was probably because
its predecessors had used guns to attack smaller landing
craft, but Lansen's role was to go after larger landing
ships, were 20 mm guns were less effective and thus not a
primary weapon. In fact, during most if its career, crews
didn't train in using guns against ground targets at all.
<br />
<h5>
Fire bombs</h5>
Straight course toward target, not overflying own troops (but they could
be as close as 30 m from the target),
speed 750 km/h altitude a level 10-20 m. Drop when target
disappears under nose.
<br />
Usable with cloud bases down to 50 m.
<br />
<h5>
120 kg retarded bombs</h5>
Straight and level at 200 m, 750 km/h.
<br />
Could be used visually with cloud bases down to 200 m and visibility
of around 5 km.
<br />
Backup method was radar aimed on a straight course to the
target. Not good precision and vulnerable to radar guided
anti aircraft fire.
<br />
<h5>
Dive bombing and rocket attack</h5>
In flank formation, lowest possible altitude headed to a
point 3 km offset from the target. At a range of 5.5 km
pull up to 45 deg climb, individual roll at 700 m, acquire
target, pull down, release, pull up turn and exit at
lowest possible altitude.
<br />
Weather minima was cloud bases at 700 m for bombs (1200 m
at night) and 400 for rockets (900 m at night).
<br />
<h5>
Night attack</h5>
Group of four, leader with illumination flares, rest with
bombs or rockets.
En route leader and #2 separated by one wingspan, #3 two
spans from #2 and #4 one span from #3.
<br />
Radar navigation, 40 km from target the leader commands
"Begin left" (or right). Leader continues ahead, aims for
a point 500 to the right (or left) of the target, pulls
upp 4 km from it and releases the flares, banks 110 deg
right down to very low altitude until headed back.
<br />
#2, 3 and 4 starts their chronometers, turns left 80
degrees, increases speed to Mach 0.65, turns right 60
degrees after 60 seconds, arms their weapons and after a
bit more than 2 min pulls up just when the parachute flares light up
and attacks like in daylight.
<br />
<h5>
Anti ship attack</h5>
Main weapons were RB 04 or 4 x 250 kg bomb (minbomb
m/42/fpl, 4C).
<br />
Bombs were dropped in a ripple with 50 ms interval, giving
a 70 m impact area. Best effect when they hit the water
close by the ships and broke them.
<br />
The RB 04 missiles' seekers were powered up (but not transmitting)
during approach to release points. The seeker could be set
to
short or long range (as in ignoring targets closer than
10(?) km). Max range 20 km. Three acquisition modes: Normal
(what you aimed it at), home on jam, normal + home on jam
(if jammed go for the jammer).
No lead course intercept, flew straight at the target even
if it moved.
<br />
Release altitude 200 m, speed 750 km/h, less than 10 deg bank,
10 deg off course to target and less than 10m/s climb or sink.
Dropped free, then
engine start. Each aircraft's missiles were set to fly at
8 and 12 m altitude respectively, so as not to collide if
released at the same time. Differeng missiles used different
frequencies. Exploded on overflying the target.
<br />
Pair or group leader aimed and ordered their 2:nd to
release, then released their own missiles. One missile per
transport ship, two per escort (destroyers).
<br />
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="s32c">S 32C</a></h3>
At first this version was intended to replace Saab S 18s
in the <strong>maritime surveillance</strong> role, which was their
priority mission. But they also got a <strong>photo reconnaissance</strong>
role, and in both of these they were replaced by Viggen.
<br />
The Swedish air force ordered 44 which were delivered
between 1958-59 and the last were retired in 1978.
Serial numbers were 32901-32945.
<br />
As much as possible, they were identical with A 32A
which they were developed from.
<br />
<h4>
Radar</h4>
The radar was a version of the PS-431/A installed in
A 32A Lansens, designated <strong>PS-432/A</strong> and
given a longer instrumented range. There was also a
possibility to photograph the radar scope image for
later analysis.
<br />
Normal radar recce work consisted of cruising at 10 m, followed
by brief pop ups to around 200 m with 15-20 s of radar work.
Practical range for the radar was 100 km forwards and 50 km
to the sides.
<br />
<h4>
Cameras</h4>
Daylight photography was supposed to be handled by Saab S 29C
Tunnans, later to be replaced by Saab S 35E Drakens, so
at first only enough cameras to equip three aircraft per
squadron were purchased, which was enough for the limited
night reconnaissance role
<br />
These, first, cameras were British, made by A.G.I. and
the fit consisted of four, two short focal length SKa 17
(SKa = SpaningsKamera, reconnaissance camera) with
focal length 130 mm and negative format 127 x 114 mm
for low altitude work (F.97 Mk 2) and two SKa 18 for
high altitude photo, focal length 920 mm, format 230 x 230 mm
(F.89 Mk 3). Both were specially designed for night photography.
<br />
High altitude photo was between 3000 - 10000 m, low altitude
100 - 1200 m.
<br />
To fit SKa 17 and SKa 18 downwards looking in the space
which was the gun bay on A 32A only <em>small</em> bulges above
and in front of the air intake were needed.
They were never fitted in service aircraft,
only the prototype 32901. The reasons for this was that they
didn't quite fulfil requirements and that it had been
decided to get cameras also suited for daylight photo.
<br />
The <strong>new camera fit</strong> was introduced in 1962.
As these cameras were larger, the nose bulges had to be
made much larger.
<br />
For <em>high altitude</em> work two SKa 23s (Fairchild K47, modified)
were fitted nearly vertically, the left looking a little to
the right and vice versa, in the rear of the bay. These had
a focal lenght of 600 mm and were the only ones fitted
suitable for night photography. They were fitted with
motion compensation.
<br />
A single wide angle, 150 mm, SKa 15 (Williamson F.49 Mk 2), also
for high altitude photo, was fitted vertically in front of
the right SKa 23. In front of the left was the photocell
which controlled exposure for the SKa 23s during flash
photography.
<br />
The high altitude cameras were used at altitudes above 1000 m.
All had a negative format of 180 x 230 mm. The wide angle
one was used to get overviews and locate the exact positions
of the targets of the long focal lenght cameras.
Normal film speed was 400 ASA, with 800 ASA used if the
weather and lighting conditions warranted.
<br />
The high altitude camera sight was a Jugner FL S2 and fitted
behind the left SKa 23, with a small window angled a bit
forward.
<br />
For night photo British 75 kg photo flash bombs were used,
up to 12 could be carried.
<br />
Mission profile for high altitude photography was always
target <em>approach at very low level</em> and only a pop up
long enough to take the photos.
<br />
For <em>low altitude</em> photo there were three SKa 16s (Vinten)
with focal lenghts of 100 mm and a negative format of 60 x 60 mm.
Two side and a little down looking were fitted at the lower front
of the camera bay.
<br />
The third SKa 16 had its place in the avionics bay just
behind the camera bay proper, in a small bulge. When this
camera wasn't fitted, usually a plain cover plate was
fitted.
<br />
The low altitude cameras had motion compensation which meant
the film could move at speeds of 5-35cm/s during exposure.
<br />
<h4>
Countermeasures</h4>
A BOZ 3 chaff dispenser pod could be carried on
one wing pylon. In addition to that the aircraft
were fitted with <em>RWR</em> gear, giving visual and
aural warnings.
<br />
<h3>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zbCd_wgtP9Y/TvWJwPj12vI/AAAAAAAAH7Y/qsTAiEuVC1k/s1600/saabj32b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="224" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zbCd_wgtP9Y/TvWJwPj12vI/AAAAAAAAH7Y/qsTAiEuVC1k/s320/saabj32b.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32b">J 32B</a></h3>
This was the all-weather fighter version. Primarily
it was used at night and in bad weather, because
the other jet fighters then in the Swedish air force
were daylight only.
<br />
The Swedish air force ordered 120 of these, but
only 118 were delivered in the years between 1958-60.
As night fighters they were retired in 1973, but
a few remained in other roles, three unconverted
J 32Bs were assigned to the aggressor/ECM squadron
as training aircraft. Serial numbers were 32501-32620.
<br />
<h4>
Guns</h4>
As it was primarily intended to attack bombers, 20 mm guns
weren't considered enough, so instead <strong>four 30 mm cannon</strong> was
adopted. There were no shutters before the muzzles. Casings were
retained, so the tank didn't need any protective covering.
<br />
At the end of a day when the guns had been fired the
engine compressor had to be cleaned, as the powder deposits
were corrosive and disrupted the airflow. Cleaning was done
with the engine running at 6700 rpm by injecting about 100 l
of the cleaning fluid which was a mixture of kerosene and
detergent through two pipes attached to a spray machine.
<br />
<h4>
Sight, radar and IR sight</h4>
As opposed to other Lansen versions, in this the
pilot had a radar display, F-scope, for his own
use and not only the navigator.
<br />
The reflex sight was designated Sikte 6A, which
was used with all weapons for both air and ground
targets. On it could be <em>projected radar information</em> and
target <em>data from the IR sight</em> under the left
wing, to allow attacks using the sight without
any visual contact with the target.
<br />
Some aircraft were given an Hughes <em>AN/AAR-4</em> IR detector under the
left wing, in front of the landing gear, of the same type as
given to J 35A-long Drakens.
<br />
<h4>
Missiles and rockets</h4>
<strong>Main armament was Sidewinder</strong> missiles, but in case of clouds
they were complemented by unguided rockets which could be fired by
radar sighting.
<br />
<h4>
Engine and air intakes</h4>
As the engine was significantly <em>more powerful</em>
(which was needed, as A 32A and S 32C certainly didn't have
enough power as fighters, for example they always had to be
started using the afterburner)
and required a larger airflow,
the air intakes were made slightly larger, and the nozzle is of a
different type than the other versions.
<br />
Engine: RM6A (=RR Avon Mk.47A) with Swedish afterburner, 6900 kp.
<br />
<h4>
Usual tactics</h4>
The navigator, together with ground control where available,
guided the pilot on a usually straight course towards
a point behind
the target, and at a suitable distance a turn was started
in such a way that the target should be ahead and on the
same course.
<br />
If possible, the approach to the target was made some 500 m
or more lower to reduce radar clutter. Climbing attacks
worked well and were preferred for targets higher than 6000 m,
the approach then could be made at 1000-3000 m.
<br />
Radar displays for the navigator were a B scope on the
left showing range and side angle (60 deg left/right)
and an E scope on the left showing
vertical angle (60 deg up/30 deg down) and distance to target.
Lockon range could be around 30 km, when locked on target
information was also displayed on the pilot's F scope
where the target is shown as a circle displaced to show
the angle to it, diameter for range and the position of
a gap in the circle closing speed.
<br />
In addition to this when closing on the target, the
binocular sight could in the right (the darkness) reflector
show the IR data as an amorphous blob and the
locked on radar target which you could put the
aiming dot on when closing in. It also displayed
an artificial horizon.
<br />
A gun attack could be made from up to 700 m range at high
altitude and at low altitude and high speed a bit over 200 m.
<br />
A rocket attack usually commenced 1500-1800 m trailing and closing
with 100 km/h
on the target
and 500 m higher. At a range of 1200 m a dive was inititated
and the rockets fired shortly after that. Could be aimed either
visually, with the radar information in the sight or using
the radar's F scope and were quite accurate and could therefore
be used in clouds (which is a reason the "standard" loadout
consisted of full gun ammo, two rocket pods and two Sidewinders).
The attack had to be made from straight behind.
<br />
The Sidewinders were aimed at the target by pointing the
whole aircraft, locked on and confirmed by audio tone and
were fired when in range.
During a climbing attack they could depending on circumstances
be fired when the target was up to 2000 m higher.
Sidewinders could at 10 km altitude be fired at ranges
between 900 and 5000 m if the fighter speed was at least
M 0.6. G load had to be less than 2.5G, which was indicated
with a light.
<br />
In daylight ACM against the other fighters in Swedish service
then it actually could hold its own pretty well, so it certainly
was useful as an all weather fighter against bombers and
attack aircraft.
<br />
Against a Saab Tunnan you had to keep the speed up, as Tunnan
had very good low speed turn performance.
The Hawker Hunter was relative to J 32B underpowered, so
against them the vertical dimension was used.
Saab Draken was superior when making high speed slashing attacks,
but in a turning fight its wing produced too much induced
drag so against them one could use climbing turns.
<br />
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32d">J 32D</a></h3>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LhfjckGvtAY/TvWJsULo60I/AAAAAAAAH6o/tCZnfDJVKT4/s1600/j32d_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="197" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LhfjckGvtAY/TvWJsULo60I/AAAAAAAAH6o/tCZnfDJVKT4/s320/j32d_1.jpg" width="320" /></a>
This is the <em>target towing</em> variant.
Starting in 1972, six J 32Bs were modified to tow
targets. Retired in 1997.<br />
<h3>
<br class="clear" /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32e"><br /></a></h3>
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32e"><br /></a></h3>
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32e"><br /></a></h3>
<h3>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="j32e">J 32E</a></h3>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0gS_sG_Ye6U/TvWJtgI1AnI/AAAAAAAAH64/Oft-ghbewYI/s1600/j32e_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="153" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0gS_sG_Ye6U/TvWJtgI1AnI/AAAAAAAAH64/Oft-ghbewYI/s320/j32e_2.jpg" width="320" /></a>
This is the <strong>ECM</strong> version. Fifteen were modified from
J 32B standard starting in 1972. They were retired in 1997.<br />
Their duties included ECM and ECM training.
<br />
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jbO0TosOBWk/TvWJvNmB2pI/AAAAAAAAH7I/R3Vmdrnf49g/s1600/j32e_lansen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="142" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jbO0TosOBWk/TvWJvNmB2pI/AAAAAAAAH7I/R3Vmdrnf49g/s320/j32e_lansen.jpg" width="320" /></a>
The nose radar was replaced by a "G 24" jamming equipment,
existing in three versions (L, S, or C band) against ground and
ship based radars, which are also the targets for the jamming pod
"Adrian" (S and C band) carried under the wings. The pod "Petrus"
works in the X band, and is used against aircraft. In addition to
this, two BOZ 3 chaff dispensers are carried.
The name of the signal reciever is "Ingeborg".<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Dual command trainer</h3>
There was never a trainer version developed, but some
basic flight controls could be fitted in the rear place.
This was always were the instructor sat, as not all controls
and instruments were available from the rear seat. (I don't
think all pilots flew with dual command before soloing in
Lansen, flying with single command and the instructor in
the rear seat certainly happened.)
Aircraft so fitted were usually marked with a dayglo
diamond on the top of the fin.
<br />
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="weapons">Armament options</a></h2>
There were six pylon attachment points under each
wing of different types for different stores, position
1 being the innermost and 6 outermost. The centreline
position could take a pylon for either a conformal
tank or a single bomb.
<br />
<ul>
<li>
The pylon type A (A-balken) was intended lighter loads
and could be fitted on all six wing positions.
</li>
<li>
Pylons type B for heavier loads could be mounted in
positions 2 and 5, but the heaviest loads could only
be loaded on the inner position. Very often A 32A
Lansens had four pylons type B and eight type A fitted.
</li>
<li>
On the centre line was a fitting for pylon type D
for the same type of loads as type B, but mostly
a conformal tank was fitted instead of the pylon.
</li>
<li>
Anti-ship missiles Rb 304C/Rb 04C/D were fitted on
pylons type G in position 4.
</li>
<li>
The chaff dispenser pod BOZ 3 was mounted on a
modified pylon type B, designated BF, on position
5 under the right wing.
</li>
<li>
In position 2 the J 32B could take pylons type C
for a pod of 19 75 mm air to air rockets.
</li>
<li>
Sidewinders were fitted on pylons type S in positions
2 and 4.
</li>
<li>
The night fighter version could be fitted with
pylons type K in all six positions, used for
either a single or double ground attack rockets.
This was never used, as the air to air rockets
were deemed to have satisfactory effect on
ground targets.
</li>
</ul>
<h4>
A 32A</h4>
Fixed armament: four 20 mm cannon with 180 rounds
each, for a total ammunition load of 210 kg.
<br />
<pre> |
____n____
_________(_)__________
u
rrrrrr rrrrrr Rockets: 12 or 24 of either
rrrrrr rrrrrr 60 mm practice rockets m/54
63 mm practice rockets m/60
135 mm blast-fragmentation m/56
150 mm blast-fragmentation m/51
145 mm anti-armour m/49
180 mm anti-armour m/49
bbbbbb bbbbbb Bombs: Up to 12 of either
15 kg practice m/55
50 kg blast-fragmentation m/42 and m/47
120 kg blast-fragmentation m/61
80 kg illumination m/60
B B B B Bombs:
250 kg blast m/50, "Hercules"
500 kg blast m/56, "Lyra"
500 kg fire m/58, "Norma"
B B B 600 kg blast m/50
M M <a href="http://www.blogger.com/missiles/asm.html#rb04">Rb 04</a> (Saab 304), anti-ship missile, 616 kg, rocket
C Chaff dispenser, BOZ 3
</pre>
<h4>
J 32B</h4>
Fixed armament: four 30 mm cannon with 90 rounds
each.
<br />
<pre> |
____n____
_________(_)__________
u
R R Pods with 19 x 75 mm rockets m/57
M M M M Missiles: Rb 24 Sidewinder
M R R M Mixed loads were also possible.
rrrrrr rrrrrr It was also possible to fit the same pylons
rrrrrr rrrrrr as on A 32A, only used for 180 mm rockets
</pre>
<h4>
S 32C</h4>
Unarmed.
<br />
<pre> |
____n____
_________(_)__________
u
iiiiii iiiiii 75 kg aluminium/kaliumperklorat photo flash
bombs m/62 (made in UK), but very seldom
were more than the three inner pylons mounted,
if any. "Lepus".
C Chaff dispenser, BOZ 3
</pre>
<h4>
J 32D and E</h4>
These modified J 32B fighters carried special equipment.
<br />
<pre> |
____n____
_________(_)__________
u J 32D
t Target towing pod on position 2
bb Dummy 120 kg counterweight bombs
on the outermost positions
J 32E
C C Chaff dispenser, BOZ 3, positions 5
E E ECM jammer pods of different types
(they look the same) called Adrian and Petrus
on positions 2.
Nose radome also full of jamming equipment.
</pre>
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="data">Technical data</a></h2>
<pre> A 32A J 32B S 32C
Empty weight: 7438 kg 8077 kg 7520 kg
Max take off weight: 13600 kg 13500 kg 12500 kg
Internal fuel: 3500 l 3500 l 3500 l
External fuel: 600 l 600 l 600 l (non-jettisonable
Max load: 3000 kg 2500 kg conformal tank)
Range: 925 km 1000 km 925 km
Engine RM 5A2 RM 6A RM 5A2
trust: 3460 kp 4880 kp 3460 kp
with afterburner: 4700 kp 6500 kp 4700 kp
Length: 14.94 m 14.94 m 14.94 m
Span: 13.0 m 13.0 m 13.0 m
Height: 4.65 m 4.65 m 4.65 m
Wing area: 37 m^2 37 m^2 37 m^2
Cruise speed: Mach 0.8 Mach 0.8 Mach 0.8
Max speed: Mach 0.91 Mach 0.93 Mach 0.91 (max permitted M 1.2)
Landing speed: 210 km/h 250 km/h 210 km/h
Climb rate, sea level 60 m/s 100 m/s 60 m/s
Max altitude 14000 m
</pre>
<h3>
J 32B climb performance</h3>
J 32B climb to 12 km took 4.5 min clean, 4.9 with two
and 5.4 with four Sidewinders, two rocket pods 5.3 min,
two rocket pods plus two Sidewinders 5.8 min.
<br />
<h3>
A 32A fuel consumption</h3>
Ground idle: 10 l/min<br />
Taxi: 15 l/min<br />
Long range cruise at 600 km/h: 40 l/min<br />
Climb at 750 km/h, engine 7900 rpm: 80 l/min<br />
Afterburner: 250 l/min.
<br />
Body tank with 1700 l was self sealing.
<br />
3300 l was used to reach the target and get home. The rest
was used on the ground, to formate and as landing
reserves.
Reserves when landing: Single aircraft 350 l, pair 400 l,
group of four aircraft: 450 l.
<br />
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="other">Cancelled developments</a></h2>
In 1953 a day only fighter version was planned. It was
intended to replace J 29 Tunnan until J 35 Draken
entered service. Its designation was to have been
<strong>J 32AD</strong> (D = Dag, day) and it would be slightly
lighter, single seat and in addition to the four
20 mm guns have a 30 mm gun in the nose. No radar.
Rockets and missiles were also envisioned weapons.
<br />
It was never built and instead 120 Hawker Hunters
were purchased.
<br />
Another fighter version, with much higher performance
than J 32B, was planned in 1954. It would have been
called <strong>J 32U</strong> (U = Utveckling(?), development).
<br />
The engine would have been a Rolls Royce RA 19R. In
order to let the aircraft be fully controllable in
supersonic flight it would have been given thinner
fin and all flying tail, the wing would have been
6% thinner and have a sweepback of 40 instead of 35
degrees. A supplementary rocket engine was also
considered.
<br />
However, in 1958 there was a political decision which
said that Lansen would be replaced by other types after
about eight years of service, so only the basic
fighter version J 32B was developed. It was also
replace in time by when J 35F Draken started to
enter service.
<br />
But for the attack version the situation wasn't as
clear, as AJ 37 Viggen would not be ready for IOC in 1966.
One option would be to import fighters, A-4 Skyhawk,
A-7 Corsair II, F-104 Starfighter, F-5 Freedom Fighter,
F-4 Phantom II and Buccaneer were considered, all but
the last two were found unsuitable. This wasn't an
attractive option, so around 1965 conversion of
some J 32B to A 32B, a version which actually had
been considered already in 1956 was seen as a possible
interim option.
<br />
In the event that Viggen should have been cancelled
one option would have been the <strong>A 32D</strong>
version which would have been new airframes, reinforced
compared to J 32B and fitted with RM 6C engines to
give it higher performance (but not speed) and the
same weapons as AJ 37. Deliveries of it could have
started in 1972.
<br />
Phantom II was seen as too expensive, for the same cost
as 120 license produced Buccaneers one could have
222 A 32D Lansens and in the event it was found that
Viggen would give better value for money.
<br />
<h2>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=9114450322637486709&postID=8369173236066897019&from=pencil" name="abroad">Lansens abroad</a></h2>
<br />
<table align="right">
<tbody>
<tr><td align="right" width="240"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ydi8dmYKLp8/TvWJrkKaunI/AAAAAAAAH6k/DIYw2zR0sFg/s1600/a32-n5468x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="184" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ydi8dmYKLp8/TvWJrkKaunI/AAAAAAAAH6k/DIYw2zR0sFg/s320/a32-n5468x.jpg" width="320" /></a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/lansen/usa/a32-n4767r.jpg">N4767R</a>,
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/lansen/usa/a32-n4432v-1.jpg">N4432V</a>
<br />
Photos of the three A 32A Lansens stored in California,
by Alan Radecki.
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Swedish air force desperately wanted a Spitfire PR.XIX
(as all Swedish ones had been scrapped). One was found in
Canada, to finance its purchase one DC-3, one Skyraider,
one Hawker Hunter, two Lansens and one Lansen fuselage
were sold, the Lansens to Military Aircraft Restoration Corporation.
The Lansens were flown to USA via Scotland, Iceland, Greenland
and Canada in around ten flights
(around because once oxygen couldn't be filled at one airport
in Scotland so it had to be done at another and they had
slightly different performances, 32284 was faster, could fly
higher and had 6 min longer endurance than 32120) sometimes with
waiting times of weeks.
<br />
First 32120 / FC 20 / N4767R,
then 32284 / FC 24 / N4432V (FC = Försökscentralen, the establishment
for flying trials) which had a contrasting black and white scheme.
The airframe example, 32209 / FC 29 / N5468X, wasn't shipped
to the USA, as it was airworthy and FFA had planned on shipping
a Lansen wing to USA for windtunnel testing. As it happened
the testing was performed not in a windtunnel but during the
delivery flight between Sept Iles and Montreal in the Canadian
Armed Forces' exercise area. It then spent two years at Langley
and then flown to Los Angeles and was the only Lansen which
was used in USA, then by Mach Two Flight Services Inc.
<br />
In 1990 all three were put up for sale, but weren't sold
and
were put in storage in the Mojave desert.
In 2002 two, N5468X and N4432V, were donated to the
<a class="external" href="http://www.aycsnetwork.com/USAMLANSENAIRCRAFTPAGE.htm">United
States Airpower Museum</a>, which plans (early 2003)
on putting one of them in airworthy condition.
<br />
In 1986 A 32A, 32028, last with FC as 28, was exchanged for
a de Havilland Dove and flown to the UK where it was given
the registration G-BMSG.
The remaining airframe life when it was flown there was 1h 39m
which was practically used up by the flight, so it's never
flown since then. Getting to the final destination required
landing at another airport for customs declaration and it
was almost grounded there as the authorities didn't want it
to go on the same day. Explaining that staying there would at
least require getting a mechanic from Sweden and cost a lot
of money worked.
<br />
On Nov 1999 one A 32A Lansen was flown to Spain where it's
on display in Madrid in the Spanish air force museum.
It's there as a permanent loan and was and will be the last ever Lansen
to leave Sweden.
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>
</b></span>Main source _Lansen_ by Sven Stridsberg,
but also other books and magazines.
<br />
<div class="small">
Document initially written 1993 July 16,
updated 1994 Dec 29, 1995 June 30,
technical data updated 1996 Sep 14.
<br />
Rewritten and revised 1998 June 18-20
and
2000 Nov 30, 2006 Aug 03
</div>
<small>Last modified 2006 May 16
by Urban<span style="font-size: small;">, put on this blog 2011-12-24</span></small>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-44932615884250647612011-12-22T06:27:00.000+00:002011-12-22T06:27:13.722+00:00BOFORS AUTOMATIC CANNON<a href="http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/Bofors.htm">BOFORS AUTOMATIC CANNON</a>: "The Swedish firm of Bofors is famous above all for the seemingly immortal 40mm automatic cannon. However, a variety of other automatic (as well as non-automatic) guns have been produced by this manufacturer and this article is an attempt to do justice to them. The main focus is on weapons of up to 57mm calibre, but others are mentioned."<br /><br /><a style="font-size:13px" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/pengoopmcjnbflcjbmoeodbmoflcgjlk">'via Blog this'</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9114450322637486709.post-64304727404867050682011-12-15T17:55:00.001+00:002011-12-15T17:57:24.537+00:00Adnalms Järnvägsklubb - Modelling the railways of Sweden in HO Scale<a href="http://www.adnalm.org.uk/">AJK (Adnalms Järnvägsklubb) - Modelling the railways of Sweden in HO Scale</a>:
"AJK is a model railway club (whose members are honorary), dedicated to the modelling of the Swedish railways in H0 scale. Our primary layout, the FLMJ (Fjällnäs Lövhöjden Månstorp Järnväg) is located in the garden around the Director General's home, in Farnborough, England."<br />
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